1. Book with one author or editor:
Auletta, Ken. World War 3.0: Microsoft and Its Enemies. New York: Random
House, 2001.

Bond, Peter. The Firefly Guide to Space: A Photographic Journey through the
Universe. Willowdale, ON: Firefly Books Ltd., 1999.

Hehner, Barbara, ed. The Spirit of Canada. Toronto: Malcolm Lester Books, 1999.
Puzo, Mario. The Family: A Novel. Completed by Carol Gino. New York: HarperCollins
Publishers Inc., 2001.
2. Book with two authors or editors:
Bolman, Lee G., and Terrence E. Deal. Leading with Soul: An Uncommon Journey
of Spirit. New and Rev. ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, A Wiley
Company, 2001.
Chopra, Deepak, and David Simon. Grow Younger, Live Longer: 10 Steps to
Reverse Aging. New York: Harmony Books, 2001.
Cohen, Andrew, and J.L. Granatstein, eds. Trudeau's Shadow: The Life and Legacy
of Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Toronto: Random House of Canada, 1998.
Nielsen, Jerri, and Maryanne Vollers. Ice Bound: A Doctor's Incredible Battle for
Survival at the South Pole. New York: Hyperion, 2001.

Thill, John V., and Courtland L. Bovee. Excellence in Business Communication.
4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
3. Book with three authors or editors:
Bryan, Mark, Julia Cameron, and Catherine Allen. The Artist's Way at Work:
Riding the Dragon. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1998.

Larsson, Mans O., Alexander Z. Speier, and Jennifer R. Weiss, eds. Let's Go:
Germany 1998. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Richards, Jack C., Jonathan Hull, and Susan Proctor. Interchange: English for
International Communication. Student's Book 2. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1991.
4. Book with three or more authors or editors:
A book written by Ken Blanchard, Sheldon Bowles, Don Carew and Eunice Parisi-Carew will be listed under the first named author as:
Blanchard, Kenneth H., et al. High Five! The Magic of Working Together.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2001.

Hogan, David J., et al, eds. The Holocaust Chronicle: A History in Words
and Pictures. Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International, Ltd., 2000.

Rogerson, Holly Deemer, et al. Words for Students of English: A Vocabulary
Series for ESL. Vol. 6. Advanced Level ESL. Pittsburgh, PA: University of
Pittsburgh Press, 1989.
5. Book with compilers and editors:
McClay, John B., and Wendy L. Matthews, comps. and eds. Corpus Juris
Humorous: A Compilation of Outrageous, Unusual, Infamous and
Witty Judicial Opinions from 1256 A.D. to the Present. New York:
Barnes and Noble Books, 1994.

O'Reilly, James, Larry Habegger, and Sean O'Reilly, comps. and eds. Danger:
True Stories of Trouble and Survival. San Francisco: Travellers' Tales, 1999.
6. Book with no author or editor stated:
Maclean's Canada's Century: An Illustrated History of the People and Events
that Shaped Our Identity. Toronto: Key Porter Books Limited, 1999.
7. Book with one author, translated by another:
Muller, Melissa. Anne Frank: The Biography. Translated by Rita and Robert
Kimber. New York: Metropolitan Books, Henry Holt and Company, Inc.,
1998.
8. Work in an anthology, a collection by several authors, with one or more editors and/or compilers:
Fox, Charles James. "Liberty Is Order, Liberty Is Strength." What Is a Man?
3,000 Years of Wisdom on the Art of Manly Virtue. Ed. Waller R. Newell.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2001. 306-307.

Wilcox, Robert K. "Flying Blind." Danger: True Stories of Trouble and Survival.
Comp. and ed. James O'Reilly, Larry Habegger, and Sean O'Reilly.
San Francisco: Travellers' Tales, 1999. 211-222.
9. Article in an encyclopedia with no author stated:
"Nazi Party." New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1997 ed.
"Tajikistan." World Book Encyclopedia of People and Places. 2000 ed.
10. Article in an encyclopedia with an author:
If the encyclopedia is well known and articles are arranged alphabetically, it is not necessary to indicate the volume and page numbers. But if the encyclopedia is not well known, you must give full publication information including author, title of article, title of encyclopedia, name of editor or edition, number of volumes in the set, place of publication, publisher and year of publication.
Kibby, Michael W. "Dyslexia." World Book Encyclopedia. 2000 ed.
Midge, T. "Powwows." Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Ed. D.L. Birchfield.
11 vols. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1997.
11. Article in a magazine, journal, periodical, or newspaper with no author stated:
"100 Years of Dust and Glory." Popular Mechanics Sept. 2001: 70-75.
"Actress Loretta Young Dies at 87." Buffalo News 13 Aug. 2000: A23.
"E-Money Slips Quietly into Oblivion." The Nikkei Weekly [Tokyo] 22 Jan. 2001: 4.
"How to Deal with Lousy Support." PC World Nov. 2001: 132.
12. Article in a magazine, journal, periodical, or newspaper with one or more authors:
Use "+" for pages that are not consecutive.
Example: When numbering pages, use "40-42" if page numbers are consecutive. Use "92+" if article begins on page 92, contains more than one page, but paging is not consecutive.
Note also that there is no period after the month. The period in "Oct." is for the abbreviation of October. If there are 4 or less letters in the month, e.g. May, June, and July, the months are not abbreviated. For instance, if the publication date is June 15, 2001, citation will be 15 June 2001.
Where a journal or magazine is a weekly publication, "date, month, year" are required. Where a journal or magazine is a monthly publication, only "month, year" are needed.
Where a newspaper title does not indicate the location of publication, add the city of publication between square brackets, e.g. National Post [Toronto]. Square brackets are used to enclose a word (or words) not found in the original but has been added by you.
Beyer, Lisa. "Roots of Rage." Time 1 Oct. 2001: 40-42.

Buni, Catherine. "A River Runs with Them." Outdoor Explorer Sept.-Oct. 2000: 44+.

Cave, Andrew. "Microsoft and Sun Settle Java Battle." Daily Telegraph [London]
25 Jan. 2001: 36.
Fournier, Ron. "Bush Sounds Terrorism Alarm to World Leaders at U.N." Buffalo
News 11 Nov. 2001: A1+.

Hammond, Shawn. "Smoking Stacks and a '64 Strat." Guitar Player Oct. 2001: 80+.

Jobson, Robert. "Camilla Comes in from the Cold." International Express: The Week's
News from Britain, Canadian ed. 6-12 June 2000: 1+.
Lemelson, Robert. "Strange Maladies." Psychology Today Nov./Dec. 2001: 60-64.
Long, Tom. "Did action Movies Encourage Terrorist Attacks?" Detroit News 11 Nov.
2001: 17A+.
Romey, Kristin M., and Mark Rose. "Saga of the Persian Princess." Archaeology
Jan./Feb. 2001: 24-25.

Saunders, Doug. "Be Nice to Fido, or He'll See You in Court." Globe and Mail
[Toronto] 23 June 2000: A1+.

Schmidt, H.J. "Not Quite Gone with the Wind: A Vertical Epic on Arizona's Mace."
Hooked on the Outdoors Fall Quarter 2000: 44-49.
Scholl, Jaye. "The Darwin Factor." Barron's: The Dow Jones Business and Financial
Weekly [Chicopee, MA] 29 Jan. 2001: 24.
Zimmerman, Robert. "Launching a Caravan to Mars." Astronomy Dec. 2001: 40-45.
13. Article from SIRS (Social Issues Resources Series):
Howe, Neil and William Strauss. "The New Generation Gap." Atlantic Dec. 1992: 67+.
Reprinted in YOUTH. (Boca Raton, FL: Social Issues Resource Series, Inc., 1992),
Article No. 40.
14. Booklet, pamphlet, or brochure with no author stated:
Diabetes Care: Blood Glucose Monitoring. Burnaby, BC: LifeScan Canada Ltd., 1997.
15. Booklet, pamphlet, or brochure with an author:
Lee, I. Creating Your Own Web Site: A Crash Course for Beginners. Mississauga, ON:
Dufferin-Peel CDSB, Summer Institute, 2001.
16. Book review:
May use short forms: Rev. (Review), Ed. (Edition, Editor, or Edited), Comp. (Compiled, Compiler).
Cambor, Kate. "Revolution Redux." Rev. of Rebellion in Chiapas: A Historical
Reader by John Womack, Jr. Boston Book Review May 1999: 8.

Groskop, Viv. "Chinese Torture - at Five." Rev. of The Binding Chair by Kathryn
Harrison. International Express, Canadian ed. 6 June 2000: 37.

Hoffman, Michael J. "Huck's Ironic Circle." Rev. of The Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn by Mark Twain. In Modern Critical Interpretations of Mark Twain's
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ed. by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea
House Publishers, 1986, 31-44.

Howell, Joel D. Rev. of How Scientists Explain Disease by Paul Thagard. New
England Journal of Medicine 21 Oct. 1999: 1319-1320.

Iragui, Vicente. Rev. of Injured Brains of Medical Minds: Views from Within comp.
and ed. by Narinder Kapur. New England Journal of Medicine 26 Feb. 1998:
629-630.

McNeill, William H. "The Flu of Flus." Rev. of Flu: The Story of the Great
Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It
by Gina Kolata. The New York Review, 10 Feb. 2000: 29.
17. Government publication:
Cite government document in the following order if no author is stated: 1) Government, 2) Agency, 3) Title of publication, underlined, 4) Place of publication, 5) Publisher, 6) Date.
For examples on how to cite more complicated government documents such as Congressional Records, please see MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5th ed., pages 143-145.
Canada. Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. Gathering Strength:
Canada's Aboriginal Action Plan. Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and
Government Services Canada, 2000.
United States. National Council on Disability. Carrying on the Good Fight -
Summary Paper from Think Tank 2000 - Advancing the Civil and Human
Rights of People with Disabilities from Diverse Cultures. Washington:
GPO, 2000.
Note: GPO = Government Printing Office in Washington, DC which publishes most of the U.S. federal government documents.
18. Cassette Tape Recording:
Covey, Stephen R. Living the 7 Habits: Applications and Insights. Cassette
tape recording read by the author. New York: Simon and Schuster
Audio Division, 1995. 1 hr. 30 min.

Ginger. Solid Ground. Cassette tape recording from the album Far Out. SPRO003.
Vancouver: Nettwerk Productions, 1994. 3 min. 47 sec.
19. CD-ROM:
LeBlanc, Susan and Cameron MacKeen. "Racism and the Landfill." Chronicle-Herald
7 Mar. 1992: B1. CD-ROM. SIRS 1993 Ethnic Groups. Vol. 4. Article 42.

YellowPages.city: Toronto-Central West Edition, 1998. CD-ROM. Montreal:
Tele-Direct (Publications) Inc., 1998.
20. Computer service - e.g. BRS, DIALOG, MEAD, etc.:
Landler, Mark. "Can U.S. Companies Even Get a Bonjour?" New York Times,
Late Ed. - Final Ed., 1. 2 Oct. 1995. DIALOG File 472, item 03072065
197653951002.
21. Computer software:
ThinkPad ACP Patch for ThinkPad 600, 770, and 770E. IBM Vers. 1.0.
International Business Machines Corp., 1998. 3.5" disk.
22. Film, Movie:
Short forms may be used, e.g. dir. (directed by), narr. (narrated by), perf. (performers), prod. (produced by), writ. (written by). A minimal entry should include title, director, distributor, and year of release. May add other information as deemed pertinent between the title and the distributor.
Cats Don't Dance. Dir. by Mark Dindal. Prod. by Turner Pictures. Music by
Steve Goldstein and Randy Newman. Warner Bros., 1997.
Hannibal. Dir. by Ridley Scott. Prod. by Dino De Laurentiis, Martha De Laurentiis,
and Ridley Scott. Screenplay by David Mamet and Steven Zaillian. Music
by Hans Zimmer. Perf. Anthony Hopkins and Julianne Moore. Metro-Goldwyn-
Mayer Pictures and Universal Pictures, 2000.
Titanic. Dir., writ., prod., ed. by James Cameron. Prod. by Jon Landau. Twentieth
Century Fox and Paramount Pictures, 1997.
23. Internet:
Basic components:
1) Author. 2) "Title of Article, Web page or site" in quotation marks. 3) Title of Magazine, Journal, Newspaper, Newsletter, Book, Encyclopedia, or Project, underlined. 4) Editor of Project. 5) Indicate type of material, e.g. advertisement, cartoon, clipart, electronic card, interview, map, online posting, photograph, working paper, etc. if not obvious. 6) Date of article, of Web page or site creation, revision, posting, last update, or date last modified. 7) Group, association, name of forum, sponsor responsible for Web page or Web site. 8) Access date (the date you accessed the Web page or site). 9) An exception is made in referencing a personal e-mail message where an individual's e-mail address is omitted for privacy reasons.
Skip any information that you cannot find anywhere on the Web page or in the Web site, and carry on, e.g. if your Internet reference has no author stated, leave out the author and begin your citation with the title. Always put your access date just before the URL which is placed between "less than" and "greater than" signs at the end of the citation. Generally, a minimum of three items are required for an Internet citation: Title, Access Date, and URL.
If the URL is too long for a line, divide the URL where it creates the least ambiguity and confusion, e.g. do not divide a domain name and end with a period such as geocities. Do not divide a term in the URL that is made up of combined words e.g. SchoolHouseRock. Never add a hyphen at the end of the line to indicate syllabical word division unless the hyphen is actually found in the original URL. Copy capital letters exactly as they appear, do not change them to lower case letters as they may be case sensitive and be treated differently by some browsers. Remember that the purpose of indicating the URL is for readers to be able to access the Web page. Accuracy and clarity are essential.
Internet citation for an advertisement:
Gilbard, Jeffrey P. "What is Dry Eye?" TheraTears. Advertisement. 6 Feb. 2001.
27 Nov. 2001 <http://www.theratears.com>.
Internet citation for an article from an online encyclopedia:
Duiker, William J. "Ho Chi Minh." Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia
2000. 1997-2000. Microsoft Corporation. 26 Sept. 2001
<http://encarta.msn.com>.
"Ho Chi Minh." Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1999-2000. Britannica.com Inc.
27 Nov. 2001 <http://www.britannica.com>.
Internet citation for an article from an online magazine, journal, periodical, newsletter, or newspaper with no author stated:
"Beginner Tip: Presenting Your Page with Style." Webmaster Tips Newsletter.
July 2000. NetMechanic. 12 Feb. 2001 <http://www.netmechanic.com/
news/vol3/beginner_no7.htm>.

"Teenager Loses Bullying Claim." BBC News Online: Education. 8 Nov. 2000.
12 Feb. 2001 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/low/english/education/
newsid_1013000/1013216.stm>.
Internet citation for an article from an online magazine, journal, periodical, newsletter, or newspaper with one or more authors stated:
Marshall, Leon. "Mandela in Retirement: Peacemaker without Rest." National
Geographic.com. 9 Feb. 2001. 12 Feb. 2001
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/02/0209_mandela.ht ml>.
Zhang, Peter. "The Failure of Beijing's One-Child Policy." The New Australian.
No. 82. 13-19 July 1998. 12 Feb. 2001 <http://www.newaus.com.au/
asia10.html>.
Internet citation for an e-mail (email) from an individual, a listserve, an organization, or citation for an article forwarded from an information database by e-mail:
PicoSearch. "Your PicoSearch Account is Reindexed." E-mail to I. Lee. 26 Sept. 2001.

Schrock, Kathy. "S.O.S. - Help for Busy Teachers 2/6/01 CyberInquiry." E-mail to
DCS-SCHROCK@LISTS.DISCOVERY.COM. 6 Feb. 2001.

Barr, Susan I. "The Creatine Quandry." Bicycling Nov. 1998. EBSCOhost Mailer.
E-mail to E. Interior. 11 May 2000.
Internet citation for an online government publication: